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Boniface VIII and the Decline of the Papacy
objectives:
1. Be able to discuss the conflict between Boniface and Philip IV (the Fair). What actions did the French monarch take which worried Boniface? What was Boniface's response? 2. Be able to describe and discuss the content of the papal bulls Clericos laicos, Unam sanctam, and Execrabilis. Know the Dates of these bulls. 3. What was the impact of this controversy on the church? Define the Babylonian Captivity and the Schism. 4. What was the response in the literature of the time to this controversy? Discuss the Defensor Pacis, Wycliffe, and the Conciliar Movement (Haec Sancta).
Food for Thought: The Papacy is not other than the ghost of the deceased Holy Roman Empire, sitting crowned upon the grave thereof. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, pt. IV, 47. Abandon all hope, ye who enter here. Dante, Comedia, Inferno, III, 9. Said about Celestine: "Him who made, through cowardice, the great refusal...." Dante, Inferno, iii.59 These two halves have God, the Papacy and the emperor. Victor Hugo,Hernani, act IV, scene 2.
OUTLINE I. Celestine V his character his abdication II. Benedict Gaetani becomes Pope (Boniface VIII) III. The move towards the Hundred Years' War taxation and the church: Clericos Laicos (1296) Philip's response reaction of the Colonna family Boniface retracts Clericos Laicos IV. The trial of Bishop Bernard Saisset in France Boniface and the Jubilee of 1300 reissuing of the doctrine of Clericos Laicos Boniface declared a heretic 1302 -- the papal bull Unam Sanctam Philip excommunicated Philip's response: "Your weapons are theory; mine are fact." the capture of Boniface VIII V. The Papacy after Unam Sanctam The Babylonian Captivity (1305-1377) Clement V -- French Pope in Avignon Schism --1378-1417 Rome vs. France VI. Responses of the people and church as a whole: A. Marsiglio of Padua -- the Defensor Pacis power resides in the hands of the people King power over church pope has spiritual authority only B. Wycliffe and Hus C. The Council of Constance -- 1414 Haec Sancta -- council supreme deposed rival popes; elected a third pope VII. The Papal response: Exacrabilis(1460): appeals to councils null and void